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Wataru NAKAJIMAi’†“‡ Âj Jonathan Swift as a Conservative Trimmer: An Ideological Reading of His English Politico-Religious Writings, 1701-1726 Kinseido (Academic Publication Series of the Institute of Humanities, Meiji University)i‹à¯“°m–¾Ž¡‘åŠwl•¶‰ÈŠwŒ¤‹†Š‘p‘nj 2020

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  Jonathan Swift is famous, or perhaps notorious, for his opportunistic stance toward party allegiance. His noted conversion from Whig to Tory has stirred up endless controversy over the angle from which his political writings should be interpreted. The author proposes that we should more closely examine and abstract the consistent and commonly observed features in Swift's partisan works before and after his conversion in 1710, and that, by adopting a viewpoint of the history of political thought, we will be able to embrace and place his politics in another comprehensible category, namely, conservatism, above his two-faced partisanship.
  Jonathan Swift as a Conservative Trimmer purports to clarify the precise nature of Swift's advocacy of mixed monarchy, which can be assumed as the English ancient constitution, and reveal that he deserves to carry on the tradition of conservative political thought beyond the simple Tory-Whig dichotomy. It demonstrates the striking resemblance between his views of the state and those of the seventeenth-century "Trimmer," George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, while showing that their defenses of conservative national polity have their roots in the classical constitutional theory by Polybius, which can be viewed as an archetype of the theory of mixed government in early modern England. Moreover, not only does it disclose Swift's competitive antipathy toward anticlericalism and the denial of the mixed government expounded in Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan, but it also sheds light on the unique distance that Swift kept to the moderate political scheme of "Robin the Trickster," Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, and on the ideological confrontation against his bitter political and literary rival, Daniel Defoe.
  Thus, by placing his English politico-religious works produced between the late Stuart period and the early Hanoverian period in a broader historical and ideological context, this book attempts to prove that Swift is qualified to be recognized as a conservative thinker, rather than merely as a partisan writer.

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Acknowledgments
List of Abbreviations
Introduction

Chapter 1. The Archetype of Swift's Political Thought: A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome in the Context of the Seventeenth-Century Theory of Mixed Government
  1. Swift's Ideal of the State in A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions in Athens and Rome
  2. Precursory Nonpartisan Conservatism of Halifax the "Trimmer"
  3. The Concept of the Ancient Constitution and English Mixed Monarchy

Chapter 2. Swift's Views on Church and State: A Tale of a Tub and His Early Religious Works
  1. Swift's Animosity against Nonconforming Faith and the Anti-Jacobite Tone in A Tale of a Tub
  2. Swift's Religious Outlook: Pamphlets during the Years around His Party Conversion
  3. Church and State in Leviathan and Swift's Antipathy to Hobbes

Chapter 3. Active Nonpartisanship in Swift's Tory Tracts: The Examiner and The Conduct of the Allies
  1. The Transformation of Tory and Whig Ideologies
  2. Swift's Views of Party
  3. British Political Conditions in the Eyes of Swift
  4. The Political Ideals of "Robin the Trickster"
  5. Between Allegiance and Independence: Swift's Idiosyncratic Affinity with Harley's Political Designs

Chapter 4. Swift's Politics as a Would-Be Historiographer: His Unpublished Works at the Change of Dynasty and Gulliver's Travels
  1. The Political and Ideological Significance of Swift's Unpublished Papers
  2. Swift's Unchanging Political Creed
  3. Swift versus Defoe: A "Secret History" of Swift's Memoirs
  4. Gulliver's Travels versus Robinson Crusoe: An Ideological Confrontation
  5. Summary: From Politics via History to Literature \ Swift's Ideological Efforts on the Eve of the Travels

Conclusion
Notes
Works Consulted
Index


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